Full tang or hidden tang? Full tang: generally I make extra holes to reduce weight and keep a balance point at the front of the handle. Hidden tang: make sure there is a taper in both planes so you can slide the bolster or guard on. Use a file guide to set the shoulders in as perfect of a line as possible. The tang should go at least 3/4 of the way through the handle. Through tangs can be shorter as a bolt or other fastener will give that extra support back to the rear bolster. Dan